Which concept is at the heart of both circular economy and cradle-to-cradle thinking?

The concept that is at the heart of both circular economy and cradle-to-cradle thinking is industrial ecology. This approach emphasizes the interdependence of industry and the natural environment, viewing it as a system in which waste from one process can serve as raw materials for another, thereby reducing waste and promoting resource efficiency. In both circular economy and cradle-to-cradle principles, the goal is to design systems that minimize resource input and waste generation, creating a regenerative model that mimics natural ecosystems.

By focusing on the flow of materials and energy within industrial systems, industrial ecology supports the transition from traditional linear models—where resources are extracted, used, and disposed of—to more sustainable practices that aim for continual reuse and recycling. This aligns closely with the objectives of both circular economy and cradle-to-cradle frameworks, which advocate for sustainable production and consumption patterns that protect the environment and enhance resource sustainability.