What is the purpose of bioremediation?

Bioremediation refers to the process of using living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to remove or neutralize contaminants from a polluted environment, thereby rehabilitating contaminated environmental sites. This method harnesses the natural metabolic processes of these organisms to break down hazardous substances, such as oil spills, heavy metals, and other pollutants, into less harmful or non-toxic forms. By doing so, bioremediation plays a critical role in cleaning up polluted areas and restoring ecosystems.

The other options provided do not accurately describe bioremediation. Creating new habitats for wildlife pertains to habitat restoration and conservation efforts, rather than directly addressing contamination. Restoring artifacts through preservation relates to cultural heritage and does not involve environmental cleanup. Improving agricultural productivity through chemical usage does not align with the principles of bioremediation, which focuses on using natural processes rather than chemical applications to mitigate pollution. Thus, the option about rehabilitating contaminated environmental sites is the correct representation of bioremediation's purpose.