What ecological impact does ocean acidification have on marine organisms?

Ocean acidification is primarily caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, which dissolves in ocean waters and lowers the pH. This change in acidity can have detrimental effects on a range of marine organisms, particularly those that build calcium carbonate structures, such as shellfish and coral.

The correct answer indicates that ocean acidification reduces the growth rate of these marine organisms. As the pH of the water decreases, it becomes more difficult for organisms to absorb the calcium they need to form their shells and skeletons. This ultimately hampers their growth and can lead to thinner shells. For instance, coral reefs face significant challenges in maintaining their structural integrity due to the corrosive effects of more acidic waters, affecting their ability to grow and thrive.

In contrast, the other choices suggest outcomes that do not align with the scientific understanding of ocean acidification. Strengthening of skeletons and shells or enhanced reproductive success would be contrary to the strain and challenges these organisms face as ocean acidity increases. Additionally, an increase in respiratory rate does not reflect the broader ecological pressures that accompany a decline in water quality and habitat health due to acidification. Therefore, the reduction in growth rate provides a more accurate understanding of the impact of ocean acidification