What are the four major systems explored by environmental studies and Earth science?

The selection of Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere as the correct response highlights the fundamental systems that are critical in understanding environmental interactions and the dynamics of Earth science.

The Geosphere refers to the solid Earth, including the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the planet. It encompasses everything from the surface to the core, influencing geological processes and providing the foundational terrain for ecosystems.

The Atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding Earth, essential for weather, climate, and supporting life through the provision of oxygen and other essential gases. It interacts dynamically with the other systems, influencing everything from water cycles to temperature regulation.

The Hydrosphere includes all of Earth's water, whether in liquid form, ice, or vapor. This system is crucial for various processes, including weather patterns, nutrient cycles, and supporting life forms both aquatic and terrestrial.

Lastly, the Biosphere represents all living organisms on Earth, encompassing ecosystems and communities. It interacts with the other three systems by relying on them for habitat, food, and the essential elements necessary for survival.

Understanding the interconnections between these four systems is vital for comprehending environmental issues and impacts, which is central to the study and practice of sustainability. The other options contain inaccuracies or mention